For that reason, we developed an optimized HPC Ethernet protocol that has smaller headers, support for smaller packet sizes, credit-based flow control, reliable hardware delivery, and a full suite of HPC synchronization primitives.
We’ve been refining this for twenty years now, and Slingshot’s very low network diameter allows extremely responsive adaptive routing; each switch has a good view of the overall state of the network, so can make fast, well-informed decisions about optimal paths to take to avoid temporary congestion. (Intel was in the process of taking technology from the Aries interconnect, which Cray could have partnered with Mellanox on the HPC Ethernet protocol. The Dollars And Sense Of Nvidia Paying A Fortune For Arm
This is a classic network problem, and all current HPC networks (including current and past Cray networks) are vulnerable to it. It implements an innovative congestion control mechanism that’s extremely responsive, requires no tuning, and is stable across a wide range of dynamic HPC workloads. So the key to low latency is avoiding congestion and queueing in the network.
Cray is working with some customers on the creation of an enhanced set of network benchmarks that will provide a much better indication of how a network will perform under challenging real-world conditions. And what that basically means – and we have verified this in the simulation and running this in the lab – is that you can pretty much put any arbitrary permutation of traffic through this thing and it does it does very nicely keeping up with all the ingress.”There are actually five separate distributed crossbars implemented on the Rosetta ASIC inside of those tiles, each handling a different aspect of the switching traffic, like this:These routing crossbars are the secret sauce that makes a Rosetta ASIC very different from standard, merchant silicon like Broadcom’s Tomahawk 3 ASIC.
Here is another simulation showing the latency of traces on the network with a bunch of applications running, some of them causing congestion:Everything runs smoother and seems happier with Slingshot. Given the similarities between Rosetta and Tomahawk 3, we think Cray’s partner is Broadcom.
It needed a suitable interconnect as its backbone, and Slingshot will do the trick nicely!Steve Scott is Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer at Cray. Thanks for your comments. As the HPC community prepares for the era of exascale, over the past year, Cray scored a number of highly valuable contracts by the Department of Energy. It starts with extremely high bandwidth: 12.8 Tb/s/dir per switch, from 64 200 Gbps ports.
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Software Has To Lead Hardware In The AI Dance The important thing is that Cray took an existing Ethernet protocol, substantially altered it for HPC and AI purposes, adding some of the ideas about congestion control that it got through its acquisition of Gnodal back in 2013 and expanded upon, and its own ideas in adaptive routing, which first came out in 1996 with the Cray T3D parallel supercomputer and which was in the market a decade ahead of the competition, and put them into this Rosetta ASIC. Whoever it is, Cray’s partner has apparently retained the rights to sell variants of the HPC Ethernet protocol – so we suspect that sooner or later, we will find out.None of that is really important, even if it is interesting.
(Both slingshots and tomahawks are primitive, hand-held weapons, too.) But standard Ethernet has high overheads and is poorly suited for HPC workloads.
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